Refined Flour
Refined flours are those types that have been removed of their nutrients and slow-digesting fiber and nutrients. Thus, your body can break them down quickly and digest more glucose, which increases the levels of blood sugar and insulin. These substances are associated with many inflammatory activities and effects. In fact, a diet that is high in refined flour can have a higher concentration of PAI-1, an inflammatory marker, in the blood. A good alternative might be whole grains, which can lower the concentration of PAI-1 and CRP, one of the most common inflammatory biomarkers. [11]
