Systemic Involvement in Hypersensitivity Syndrome
Hypersensitivity syndrome may become worse and affect many internal organs. Commonly affected organs and specific symptoms may include:
– Lungs: persistent cough, shortness of breath
– Heart: low blood pressure, breathlessness, chest pain
– Kidneys problems
– Liver: hepatitis, liver enlargement
– Hematological problems: hemophagocytic syndrome, anemia, thrombocytopenia, abnormal lymphocytes, eosinophilia, increased white blood cell counts
– Enlarged lymph nodes
– Gastrointestinal tract: dehydration, bleeding, pancreatitis, gastroenteritis
– Neurological problems: palsies, coma, seizures, headache
– Endocrine system: diabetes, thyroiditis [5]
Causes of Hypersensitivity Syndrome
The underlying cause of hypersensitivity syndrome is relatively complicated. It is a result of interactions between herpes viruses, the immune system, and a drug you are taking. Certain factors may increase the risk of these reactions:
– Antibiotics: vancomycin, clindamycin, dapsone, minocycline, piperacillin, levofloxacin, azithromycin, ampicillin, amoxicillin
– Seizure medications: zonisamide, valproic acid, phenytoin, pheobarbitol, mexiletine, lamotrigine, carbamazepine
– Anti-inflammatory drugs: diclofenac, celecoxib, ibuprofen
– Antiretrovirals: efavirenz, nevirapine
– Arthritis medication: sulfasalazine
– Tuberculosis drugs: streptomycin, rifampin, pyrazinamide, isoniazid, Ethambutol
– Blood thinners: rivaroxaban
– Cancer therapies: vemurafenib, imatinib, vismodegib, sorafenib
– Hepatitis C medications: telaprevir, boceprevir
– Acetaminophen, which can be taken to relieve pain
– Heartburn medication: omeprazole
– Febuxostat and allopurinol, which help reduce uric acid levels in those with cancer, kidney stones, and gout [6]
