Surgical Procedures
Certain severe conditions would lead to dysmenorrhea, such as cysts, uterine fibroids, or endometriosis. In these cases, surgery would be needed. A hysterectomy is a common option for endometriosis and fibroids. Another alternative is uterine fibroid embolization, which can shrink and eliminate fibroids. A surgical procedure should involve an experienced gastroenterologist because it would affect the intestine and bowels. Nevertheless, it might take a lot of time to know the underlying cause because diagnosing can be challenging.[9]
