Causes of Dysmenorrhea
Common Causes
The cause of primary dysmenorrhea and secondary dysmenorrhea can vary.
In primary dysmenorrhea, menstrual cramps happen as a result of contractions of the uterine muscles. Those people with a high level of lipids called prostaglandins tend to be at a higher risk. These substances would have hormone-like effects, which might trigger contractions and cause discomfort in the menstrual cramps.
In secondary dysmenorrhea, menstrual cramps occur as a result of an existing health issue. Common causes include uterine fibroids, endometriosis, cervical stenosis, pelvic inflammatory disease, adenomyosis, inflammatory bowel disease, intrauterine devices, ovarian cysts, and scars from previous surgery.[4]
